{"ontology":"https://layer.re/machine/schema.json","epistemic_model":"evidence-backed-temporal-layer-graph","canonical":true,"type":"layer_history","layer":{"id":"layer-governance","slug":"governance","name":"Governance","description":"Rules, standards, institutions and oversight that shape the deployment and operation of technological systems.","machine_description":"Public and private governance mechanisms including regulation, standards, accountability, oversight, liability and institutional control.","active":1},"snapshots":[{"id":"state-governance-2022q1","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2022-03-31 23:59:59.000","summary":"Governance was becoming independently operational around both AI risk management and strategic semiconductor capacity, using frameworks, industrial policy and export controls.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-chips","layer-manufacturing","layer-geopolitics","institutional capacity"],"constraints":["nonbinding AI risk processes","policy implementation lag","jurisdictional fragmentation"],"emerging_capabilities":["structured AI risk-management drafts","semiconductor resilience policy","technology export controls"],"underdeveloped_components":["mature generative-AI-specific rules","agent liability regimes"],"uncertainties":["NIST AI RMF was a draft and the EU Chips Act was a proposal during Q1"],"confidence":0.95,"previous_snapshot_id":null,"mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-01T17:34:32.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-01T18:05:36.396Z","updated_at":"2026-10-01T18:05:36.396Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2022q2","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2022-06-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"Governance moved closer to specific technical deployment decisions: who could access large models, how preview safety was monitored, how AI risk would be measured and how semiconductor supply risks would be coordinated internationally.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-models","layer-chips","layer-geopolitics","institutional capacity"],"constraints":["nonbinding frameworks","cross-jurisdiction coordination","limited evaluation standards","deployment safety uncertainty"],"emerging_capabilities":["joint AI-risk measurement workstreams","controlled model release","iterative preview safety systems"],"underdeveloped_components":["binding general AI rules","mature agent permissions/liability"],"uncertainties":["many TTC outputs remained work programmes rather than enforceable rules"],"confidence":0.94,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2022q1","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-01T18:14:00.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-01T19:22:17.765Z","updated_at":"2026-10-01T19:22:17.765Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2022q3","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2022-09-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"Governance moved from coordination and staged release controls toward a combination of structured AI-risk guidance, enacted semiconductor industrial policy and direct advanced-accelerator export restrictions.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-models","layer-chips","layer-manufacturing","layer-geopolitics","institutional capacity"],"constraints":["nonbinding AI risk guidance","implementation lag","cross-jurisdiction conflict","model-deployment safety"],"emerging_capabilities":["second-draft NIST AI RMF with implementation Playbook","funded semiconductor industrial policy","advanced-accelerator export licensing","rule-based dialogue-agent research"],"underdeveloped_components":["binding general AI rules","mature agent permissions/liability","evidence of realized fab capacity from new policy"],"uncertainties":["policy enactment and draft guidance should not be confused with realized outcomes or final regulation"],"confidence":0.97,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2022q2","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-02T15:12:29.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-02T16:08:16.258Z","updated_at":"2026-10-02T16:08:16.258Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2022q4","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2022-12-31 23:59:59.000","summary":"AI and semiconductor governance became more concrete in Q4 through a formal U.S. export-control package spanning advanced compute and manufacturing and an agreed EU Council negotiating position on horizontal AI regulation, alongside provider-level deployment safeguards.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-models","layer-chips","layer-compute","layer-manufacturing","layer-geopolitics","institutional capacity"],"constraints":["jurisdictional divergence","implementation uncertainty","non-final EU legislation","model-safety limitations"],"emerging_capabilities":["advanced-compute and semiconductor-manufacturing controls","EU AI Act Council general approach","public model deployment feedback and moderation controls"],"underdeveloped_components":["final horizontal AI rules","mature agent liability/permissions","validated safety governance"],"uncertainties":["EU Council position was not final law and downstream effect of export controls was uncertain"],"confidence":0.98,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2022q3","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-03T14:26:11.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-03T14:45:10.928Z","updated_at":"2026-10-03T14:45:10.928Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2023q1","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2023-03-31 23:59:59.000","summary":"AI governance became more operational as NIST finalized AI RMF 1.0, semiconductor industrial policy entered funding implementation, allied equipment-control policy broadened, and an existing privacy regulator directly constrained a deployed generative-AI service.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-models","layer-software","layer-human","layer-manufacturing","layer-geopolitics"],"constraints":["voluntary framework adoption","jurisdictional fragmentation","implementation uncertainty","privacy compliance","model safety"],"emerging_capabilities":["final NIST AI RMF 1.0","direct generative-AI privacy enforcement","CHIPS funding implementation","additional allied semiconductor-control direction"],"underdeveloped_components":["settled horizontal AI law","mature agent permissions/liability","consistent cross-border governance"],"uncertainties":["NIST RMF remained voluntary; Italian action was jurisdiction-specific; Dutch controls were announced."],"confidence":0.98,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2022q4","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-05T15:23:51.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-05T18:17:53.803Z","updated_at":"2026-10-05T18:17:53.803Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2023q2","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2023-06-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"AI governance became more operational, negotiated and multilateral through accountability work, compliance adaptation, EU AI Act negotiation and G7 coordination.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-software","layer-human","layer-geopolitics"],"constraints":["unfinished legislation","jurisdictional divergence","assurance maturity"],"emerging_capabilities":["accountability policy","compliance feedback","EU negotiation","G7 coordination"],"underdeveloped_components":["final AI law","standardized audits","mature agent governance"],"uncertainties":["communiqués and negotiating positions are not binding law"],"confidence":0.98,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2023q1","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-07T12:55:58.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-07T14:04:48.613Z","updated_at":"2026-10-07T14:04:48.613Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2023q3","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2023-09-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"AI and semiconductor governance became more operational in Q3 through voluntary frontier-model safety commitments, capability-threshold private governance, finalized/operative EU chip legislation and effective Dutch equipment licensing.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-models","layer-software","layer-chips","layer-manufacturing","layer-geopolitics"],"constraints":["voluntary compliance","jurisdictional fragmentation","private-policy enforceability","implementation capacity"],"emerging_capabilities":["frontier-model red-team/security commitments","Responsible Scaling Policy","operative EU Chips Act","effective Dutch equipment licensing"],"underdeveloped_components":["binding frontier-AI law","standardized model audits","mature agent governance"],"uncertainties":["White House commitments and Anthropic RSP were voluntary/private; later U.S. executive-order requirements belong to Q4"],"confidence":0.98,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2023q2","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-07T16:04:51.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-07T16:56:16.871Z","updated_at":"2026-10-07T16:56:16.871Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2023q4","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2023-12-31 23:59:59.000","summary":"AI governance hardened through a U.S. executive order, Bletchley Declaration, provisional EU AI Act agreement, open safety infrastructure and tighter semiconductor controls.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-models","layer-compute","layer-software","layer-chips","layer-geopolitics"],"constraints":["implementation lag","jurisdictional divergence","nonbinding declarations","measurement thresholds"],"emerging_capabilities":["EO 14110","Bletchley Declaration","EU AI Act provisional agreement","AI-compute reporting design","tighter BIS controls"],"underdeveloped_components":["final EU AI Act","binding international frontier-AI governance"],"uncertainties":["Bletchley was nonbinding; EU deal provisional; EO required later implementation"],"confidence":0.99,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2023q3","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-08T15:50:00.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-08T17:00:00.135Z","updated_at":"2026-10-08T17:00:00.135Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2024q1","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2024-03-31 23:59:59.000","summary":"AI governance gained an adopted EU administrative office decision, Parliament-approved AI Act text and an operational US research-resource pilot; the EU Act was not yet enacted or applicable.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["availability scope","reliability and implementation limits"],"emerging_capabilities":["NAIRR pilot launches","Commission adopts decision establishing European AI Office","European Parliament adopts AI Act text at first reading"],"underdeveloped_components":["generalization beyond the selected evidence"],"uncertainties":["A pilot is not universally available compute or proof that all planned allocations were delivered.","The office's establishment does not make the forthcoming AI Act already applicable.","Parliament approval is not final enactment, entry into force or application of obligations."],"confidence":0.93,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2023q4","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-09T19:12:47.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-09T21:04:17.189Z","updated_at":"2026-10-09T21:04:17.189Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2024q2","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2024-06-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"EU legislation reached final institutional adoption while international severe-risk commitments remained voluntary, and a product privacy controversy led to a delayed rollout.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["availability scope","reliability and implementation limits"],"emerging_capabilities":["Sixteen companies agree Seoul frontier safety commitments","Council gives final AI Act approval","Recall broad preview is deferred"],"underdeveloped_components":["generalization beyond the selected evidence"],"uncertainties":["Commitments are not binding legislation or demonstrated implementation; later-added signatories are excluded.","Final approval is not entry into force or immediate application of every obligation.","Copilot+ PC availability must not be used to imply Recall shipped with those PCs."],"confidence":0.93,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2024q1","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-09T19:12:47.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T07:29:06.790Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T07:29:06.790Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2024q3","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2024-09-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"EU law entered into force and US model-evaluation access became formalized through agreements, with scope and implementation lag preserved.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["availability scope","reliability and implementation limits"],"emerging_capabilities":["EU AI Act enters into force","US AISI signs model-evaluation agreements"],"underdeveloped_components":["generalization beyond the selected evidence"],"uncertainties":["Entry into force is distinct from staged application; later amended implementation dates are excluded.","Agreements are not mandatory universal certification; the page's June 2025 CAISI update is excluded."],"confidence":0.93,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2024q2","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-09T19:12:47.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T07:49:15.922Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T07:49:15.922Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2024q4","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2024-12-31 23:59:59.000","summary":"Final industrial-policy awards and expanded export controls materially changed AI infrastructure governance.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["availability scope","reliability and implementation limits"],"emerging_capabilities":["TSMC Arizona receives finalized CHIPS award","US expands semiconductor export-control package"],"underdeveloped_components":["generalization beyond the selected evidence"],"uncertainties":["Milestone-linked award is not full disbursement or completed fab capacity.","Announcement is not a single effective date for every provision; implementation details and savings clauses differ."],"confidence":0.93,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2024q3","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-09T19:12:47.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T08:02:14.509Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T08:02:14.509Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2025q1","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2025-03-31 23:59:59.000","summary":"Early EU obligations became applicable while US executive policy shifted and diffusion-rule compliance remained deferred.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["availability scope","reliability and implementation limits"],"emerging_capabilities":["AI diffusion rule becomes effective with deferred compliance","US orders AI leadership policy review and action plan","First AI Act obligations begin applying"],"underdeveloped_components":["generalization beyond the selected evidence"],"uncertainties":["The rule is not yet fully compliant by Q1 cutoff; subsequent rescission is not imported.","Executive direction is not repeal of every AI law or an already completed action plan.","These early provisions are not full application of all high-risk and GPAI obligations."],"confidence":0.93,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2024q4","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-09T19:12:47.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T08:11:02.818Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T08:11:02.818Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2025q2","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2025-06-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"This period adds specific governance evidence through BIS announces diffusion-rule rescission and non-enforcement; Microsoft announces Entra Agent ID preview. Maturity remains specific to the cited products and programs; this synthesis does not infer sector-wide adoption.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["The announcement is not proof that the formal replacement regulation was already completed.","Preview identity management does not imply production-wide adoption or universal independent agent principals."],"emerging_capabilities":["BIS announces diffusion-rule rescission and non-enforcement","Microsoft announces Entra Agent ID preview"],"underdeveloped_components":["Independent measurement of deployment scope and outcomes"],"uncertainties":["The referenced historical predecessor belongs to the reviewed chronology; the live history must be checked before ingestion."],"confidence":0.9,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2025q1","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-10T06:24:42.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T08:25:19.364Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T08:25:19.364Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2025q3","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2025-09-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"Voluntary compliance tooling and national policy plans become more explicit, while publication, legal obligations and implementation remain distinct.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["A voluntary compliance code is distinct from binding law and its later enforcement schedule.","Proposed actions do not establish completed implementation or altered law for every item."],"emerging_capabilities":["GPAI Code of Practice is published","US AI Action Plan is published"],"underdeveloped_components":["Independent measurement of deployment scope and outcomes"],"uncertainties":["The referenced historical predecessor belongs to the reviewed chronology; the live history must be checked before ingestion."],"confidence":0.9,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2025q2","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-10T06:24:42.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T08:31:22.792Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T08:31:22.792Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2025q4","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2025-12-31 23:59:59.000","summary":"This period adds specific governance evidence through Agentic AI Foundation is formed. Maturity remains specific to the cited products and programs; this synthesis does not infer sector-wide adoption.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["Neutral governance and donated projects do not establish universal implementation or solved interoperability."],"emerging_capabilities":["Agentic AI Foundation is formed"],"underdeveloped_components":["Independent measurement of deployment scope and outcomes"],"uncertainties":["The referenced historical predecessor belongs to the reviewed chronology; the live history must be checked before ingestion."],"confidence":0.9,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2025q3","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-10T06:24:42.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T08:37:10.929Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T08:37:10.929Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2026q2","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2026-06-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"Defensive model access and payment-protocol governance become explicit institutional controls, with selected access rather than universal deployment.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["Partner access is restricted; October updates on the same page are excluded from April reconstruction.","Preauthorization mechanisms do not imply unbounded authority or universal merchant and issuer adoption.","Expanded eligibility remains controlled access and does not establish general availability of Mythos."],"emerging_capabilities":["Project Glasswing launches with restricted security-model access","AP2 moves to FIDO and adds delegated payment support","Glasswing expands selected defensive access"],"underdeveloped_components":["Independent measurement of deployment scope and outcomes"],"uncertainties":["The referenced historical predecessor belongs to the reviewed chronology; the live history must be checked before ingestion."],"confidence":0.9,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2025q4","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-10T06:24:42.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T09:06:48.253Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T09:06:48.253Z"},{"id":"state-governance-20260930-initial","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2026-09-30 12:45:00.000","summary":"Governance is becoming a more explicit layer around AI deployment, spanning agent runtime controls, data-center performance rules and electoral agenda-setting.","dependencies":["technical evidence","institutional capacity","layer-permissions"],"constraints":["rapid capability change","competing policy goals","jurisdictional fragmentation"],"emerging_capabilities":["agent runtime governance","data-center rating schemes","more explicit political AI agendas"],"underdeveloped_components":["stable liability rules for autonomous agents","cross-border governance compatibility"],"uncertainties":["which voluntary or public rules become durable standards"],"confidence":0.88,"previous_snapshot_id":null,"mapping_mode":"contemporaneous","reconstructed_at":null,"created_at":"2026-09-30T12:54:32.493Z","updated_at":"2026-09-30T12:54:32.493Z"},{"id":"state-governance-20260930-late","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2026-09-30 21:20:00.000","summary":"AI governance broadened within hours from voluntary controls toward enforcement, competition litigation and federal debate over data-center cost allocation.","dependencies":["layer-agents","layer-energy","layer-ai","institutional capacity"],"constraints":["jurisdictional fragmentation","competing privacy, competition and affordability goals"],"emerging_capabilities":["agentic-risk enforcement","AI data-access remedies","federal data-center cost-allocation proposals"],"underdeveloped_components":["durable agent liability rules","settled data-center ratepayer standards"],"uncertainties":["FTC probe outcome","EU court interim ruling","future US data-center legislation"],"confidence":0.94,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-20260930-initial","mapping_mode":"contemporaneous","reconstructed_at":null,"created_at":"2026-09-30T21:57:03.550Z","updated_at":"2026-09-30T21:57:03.550Z"},{"id":"state-governance-2026q3","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2026-09-30 23:59:59.000","summary":"This period adds specific governance evidence through Commission publishes notice of August 2 enforcement and transparency milestone; NVIDIA introduces Open Agent Safety Platform; Google announces Gemini 4 Argon with restricted defender access. Maturity remains specific to the cited products and programs; this synthesis does not infer sector-wide adoption.","dependencies":[],"constraints":["Publication on July 31 is distinct from effectiveness on August 2; this does not imply every high-risk obligation has the same start date or prove full compliance.","Reference architecture does not establish broad hardware deployment or invulnerable permission enforcement.","Broader developer and consumer access is prospective; internal productivity and autonomous patching assertions remain provider claims."],"emerging_capabilities":["Commission publishes notice of August 2 enforcement and transparency milestone","NVIDIA introduces Open Agent Safety Platform","Google announces Gemini 4 Argon with restricted defender access"],"underdeveloped_components":["Independent measurement of deployment scope and outcomes"],"uncertainties":["The referenced historical predecessor belongs to the reviewed chronology; the live history must be checked before ingestion."],"confidence":0.9,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-2026q2","mapping_mode":"retrospective","reconstructed_at":"2026-10-10T06:24:42.000Z","created_at":"2026-10-10T09:18:22.069Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T09:18:22.069Z"},{"id":"state-governance-20261004-ai-security","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2026-10-04 20:12:00.000","summary":"AI governance is becoming more institutionally embedded in U.S. national-security coordination, while bilateral risk-communication proposals and organizational safety-process concerns widen the governance surface.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-geopolitics","layer-human","layer-software"],"constraints":["uncertain task-force durability","bilateral agreement not established","organizational safety evidence remains partly insider-reported"],"emerging_capabilities":["federal AI coordination through a named task force","potential bilateral AI incident communication"],"underdeveloped_components":["stable cross-border AI incident protocols","independent evidence on organizational safety-process effectiveness"],"uncertainties":["future authority and durability of the Super Intelligence Force","whether China accepts any notification mechanism","whether additional evidence corroborates Robinson's concerns"],"confidence":0.91,"previous_snapshot_id":null,"mapping_mode":"contemporaneous","reconstructed_at":null,"created_at":"2026-10-04T21:57:54.254Z","updated_at":"2026-10-04T21:57:54.254Z"},{"id":"state-governance-20261006-nyc-oversight","layer_id":"layer-governance","as_of":"2026-10-06 07:53:00.000","summary":"AI governance widened to a concrete municipal oversight episode: New York City completed a public frontier-AI hearing and queued related AI-safety measures for a subsequent Council agenda. The measures remain proposals.","dependencies":["layer-ai","layer-models","layer-agents","layer-permissions"],"constraints":["municipal jurisdiction","draft meeting minutes","no published action results","legislative follow-through unresolved"],"emerging_capabilities":["subpoena-backed public frontier-AI oversight","formal legislative packaging of AI-safety proposals"],"underdeveloped_components":["enacted technical-control requirements","implementation and enforcement mechanisms"],"uncertainties":["whether the bills advance, pass, are amended or implemented"],"confidence":0.95,"previous_snapshot_id":"state-governance-20261004-ai-security","mapping_mode":"contemporaneous","reconstructed_at":null,"created_at":"2026-10-06T15:45:41.996Z","updated_at":"2026-10-06T15:45:41.996Z"}]}